Understanding & Computer Components
Said the computer comes from Latin meaning Computare count. In English is called to compute. By definition a computer translated as a set of electronic tools that work together, can receive data (input), process data (process) and providing information (output) as well as coordinated under the control of programs that are stored in memory. So how can a computer work we describe as follows1. Input Device, is a computer hardware devices which function to enter data into computer memory, such as keyboard, mouse, joystick, and others.
2. Processor, the main computer is a tool that manages all activities of the computer itself. The processor consists of two main parts, namely;
Control Unit (CU), is a major component of the processor that controls all the devices installed on the computer, starting from the input device to output device.
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), is part of a special processor data processing arithmetic (add, reduce, etc.) and data logic (comparison).
3. Memory is the computer data storage media.
Memory is divided into two kinds, namely;
Read Only Memory (ROM), which is memory that can only be read only, can not be changed and deleted, and is already filled by the computer manufacturer. The contents of ROM is required when the computer is turned on. Existing orders on the ROM portion will be moved to RAM. Command in ROM include commands to read from the disk operating system, the command to check all existing equipment in the unit and command system to display a message on the screen. The contents of ROM will not be lost even though there is no power. But at this present moment ROM has been developed and many kinds, including:
• PROM (Programable ROM), a program ROM can we come back with a one-time records should only be changed after it could no longer be programmed.
• RPROM (Programable Re-ROM), an outgrowth of the PROM version where we can make a change repeatedly as expected.
• EPROM (Erasable Program ROM), a ROM that can we remove and the program again, but how to eliminate it by using ultraviolet light.
• EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Program ROM), the latest developments of the ROM where we can remove the program ROM mengubahdan using teknikelektrik. EEPROM is a type commonly used today.
Random Access Memory (RAM), from his name we can interprete that the RAM is memory that can be accessed randomly. RAM used to store programs that we though for a while (power on) if we turn off the computer, all data stored in RAM will be lost. The purpose of this is to speed up the RAM on a computer data processor. In order for the data that we make can not disappear when the computer is turned off, so needed external storage media, such as Floppy disk, hard disk, flash disk, PCMCIA cards and others.
4. Output Device, is a computer device that is useful for producing output, whether it onto the paper (hardcopy), to a computer monitor (softcopy) or output of sound. For example a printer, speakers, plotter, monitor, and many others. From the above explanation we can deduce that the working principle of the computer is started entering the data from the input device, then the data is processed in such a manner by the CPU according to what we want and the data has been processed is stored in computer memory or disk. Stored data can we see the result through the output device.
Component-Computer Components
Computer consists of three main components that can not be separated, namely;
1. Hardware (hardware), is a physical device from the computer that we can see and feel. This hardware consists of;
Input / Output Devices (I / O Device) Consists of input and output devices such as keyboards and printers.
Storage Device (storage device) is a medium for storing data such as floppy disks, hard disks, CD-I, flash disk etc.
Monitor / Screen Monitor is a tool to show what we type on the keyboard board after being processed by the processor. Monitor is also called the Visual Display Unit (VDU).
Unit casing is a place of all computer equipment, whether it is the motherboard, cards, other peripherals and Central Procesing Unit (CPU). Casing of this unit is also called the System Unit.
Procesing Central Unit (CPU) is one of the most important parts of a computer because this type of processor also determines the type of computer. Whether or not a computer, type of computer, computer prices are determined mainly by the type prosesornya.Semakin sophisticated computer processor, the ability to be getting better and usually the price will be more expensive.
2. Software (software), is a computer program that allows you to run a job according to the desired. The program is written in a special language understood by computers. Software consists of several types, namely;
Operating systems such as DOS, Unix, Linux, Novell, OS / 2, Windows, is software that serves to activate all the devices installed on the computer so that each can communicate with each other. Without any operating system, then the computer can not function at all.
Utility programs like Norton Utility, Scandisk, PC Tools, dll.Program utility functions to help or mengisikekurangan / weaknesses of the operating system, such as PC Tools can make the format as a DOS command, but PC Tools is able to give a good keterang and animation in the process of formatting . The file was deleted by DOS can not be returned again but with this tool programs can be done.
Application programs, such as GL, MYOB, Payroll, etc.. Is a special program to do a specific job, such as programs on a company payroll. Then this program is only used by the financial department alone can not be used by other departments. Typically this application program made by a computer programmer in accordance with the request / demand a person / institution / company interennya purposes.
Package Program, as Microsofr office, Adobe fotoshop, macromedia studio, open office etc. It is a program that is structured in such a way that can be used by many people with various interests. Such as MS-office, can be used by the finance department to create a note, or the administration to draft a letter of offer and so forth.
Programming Languages, PHP, ASP, dBase, Visual Basic, dll.Merupakan special software used to create computer programs, whether it's operating system, programs, etc. packages. Language
This programming is usually divided into three levels, namely;
o Low Level Language, the first-generation programming language, programming language of this kind is very difficult to understand because the instructions using assembly language. Usually only the manufacturer who understands it.
o Midle Level Language, is a middle-level programming language where the usage instructions already close to everyday language, although it is still difficult to get as many uses such as STO singkatansingakatan means to keep (an abbreviation of STORE) and MOV means to move (an abbreviation of MoVe). which is grouped into this language is Assembler, Fortran (Formula Translator).
o High Level Language, is a high level language which has characteristics of easy to understand, because it uses everyday language, like BASIC, dBase, Visual Basic, VB.Net, etc..
3. Brainware (Users),
Users are personnel who were directly involved in the use of computers, such as systems analysts, programmers, operators, users, etc.. In large organizations, the issue of computerization are usually handled by a special section known as the EDP (Electronic data Processing), or often called by the EDP Department, headed by a Manager of EDP.
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